feat: add robots

Reviewed-on: #1

.gitignore

@@ -22,3 +22,4 @@ dist-ssr
 *.sw?
 .env
 /dist
+app.cloud/

deploy_dev.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Document AI Frontend 部署脚本
+# 功能：构建项目并部署到 ubuntu 服务器
+
+set -e  # 遇到错误立即退出
+
+# 颜色定义
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+BLUE='\033[0;34m'
+NC='\033[0m' # No Color
+
+# 服务器配置
+ubuntu_HOST="ubuntu"
+DEPLOY_PATH="/var/www"
+DEPLOY_NAME="app.cloud"
+
+# 打印带颜色的消息
+print_info() {
+    echo -e "${BLUE}[INFO]${NC} $1"
+}
+
+print_success() {
+    echo -e "${GREEN}[SUCCESS]${NC} $1"
+}
+
+print_warning() {
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}[WARNING]${NC} $1"
+}
+
+print_error() {
+    echo -e "${RED}[ERROR]${NC} $1"
+}
+
+# 检查命令是否存在
+check_command() {
+    if ! command -v $1 &> /dev/null; then
+        print_error "$1 命令未找到，请先安装"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+# 部署到服务器
+deploy_to_server() {
+    local server=$1
+    print_info "开始部署到 ${server}..."
+    
+    # 上传构建产物（app.cloud 目录）
+    print_info "上传 ${DEPLOY_NAME} 目录到 ${server}..."
+    scp_output=$(scp -r ${DEPLOY_NAME} ${server}:~ 2>&1)
+    scp_exit_code=$?
+    if [ $scp_exit_code -eq 0 ]; then
+        print_success "文件上传成功"
+    else
+        print_error "文件上传失败，请检查 SSH 连接和权限"
+        echo "$scp_output" | sed 's/^/  /'
+        return 1
+    fi
+    
+    # SSH 执行部署操作（非交互模式）
+    print_info "在 ${server} 上执行部署操作..."
+    print_info "部署路径: ${DEPLOY_PATH}/${DEPLOY_NAME}"
+    ssh_output=$(ssh ${server} bash << SSH_EOF
+        set -e
+        DEPLOY_PATH="${DEPLOY_PATH}"
+        DEPLOY_NAME="${DEPLOY_NAME}"
+        
+        # 检查部署目录是否存在
+        if [ ! -d "\${DEPLOY_PATH}" ]; then
+            echo "错误：部署目录 \${DEPLOY_PATH} 不存在，请检查路径是否正确"
+            exit 1
+        fi
+        
+        # 检查是否有权限写入，若无则尝试免密 sudo（sudo -n）
+        SUDO_CMD=""
+        if ! touch "\${DEPLOY_PATH}/.deploy_test" 2>/dev/null; then
+            if sudo -n true 2>/dev/null; then
+                echo "提示：没有直接写入权限，使用 sudo -n 执行部署操作"
+                SUDO_CMD="sudo -n"
+            else
+                echo "错误：没有写入权限，且 sudo 需要密码（非交互部署无法输入）"
+                echo "请执行以下任一方案后重试："
+                echo "  1) 将部署目录改为当前用户可写目录（例如 /home/\$USER/www）"
+                echo "  2) 为当前用户配置免密 sudo（NOPASSWD）"
+                exit 1
+            fi
+        else
+            rm -f "\${DEPLOY_PATH}/.deploy_test"
+            echo "提示：检测到部署目录可直接写入"
+        fi
+        
+        # 备份旧版本（如果存在）
+        if [ -d "\${DEPLOY_PATH}/\${DEPLOY_NAME}" ]; then
+            echo "备份旧版本..."
+            \$SUDO_CMD rm -rf "\${DEPLOY_PATH}/\${DEPLOY_NAME}_bak" 2>/dev/null || true
+            \$SUDO_CMD mv "\${DEPLOY_PATH}/\${DEPLOY_NAME}" "\${DEPLOY_PATH}/\${DEPLOY_NAME}_bak" || { echo "错误：备份失败，权限不足"; exit 1; }
+        fi
+        
+        # 移动新版本到部署目录（覆盖现有目录）
+        if [ -d ~/\${DEPLOY_NAME} ]; then
+            echo "移动新版本到部署目录..."
+            \$SUDO_CMD mv ~/\${DEPLOY_NAME} "\${DEPLOY_PATH}/" || { echo "错误：移动文件失败，权限不足"; exit 1; }
+            echo "部署完成！"
+        else
+            echo "错误：找不到 ~/\${DEPLOY_NAME} 目录"
+            exit 1
+        fi
+        
+        # 重新加载 nginx（如果配置了）
+        if command -v nginx &> /dev/null; then
+            echo "重新加载 nginx..."
+            if [ -n "\$SUDO_CMD" ]; then
+                \$SUDO_CMD nginx -t && \$SUDO_CMD nginx -s reload || echo "警告：nginx 重新加载失败，请手动检查"
+            else
+                nginx -t && nginx -s reload || echo "警告：nginx 重新加载失败，请手动检查"
+            fi
+        fi
+SSH_EOF
+    )
+    
+    ssh_exit_code=$?
+    
+    # 显示 SSH 输出
+    if [ -n "$ssh_output" ]; then
+        echo "$ssh_output" | sed 's/^/  /'
+    fi
+    
+    if [ $ssh_exit_code -eq 0 ]; then
+        print_success "${server} 部署成功！"
+    else
+        print_error "${server} 部署失败！"
+        print_error "请检查："
+        print_error "  1. SSH 连接是否正常"
+        print_error "  2. 部署目录 ${DEPLOY_PATH} 是否存在"
+        print_error "  3. 是否有 sudo 权限（如果需要）"
+        print_error "  4. 上传的文件 ~/${DEPLOY_NAME} 是否存在"
+        return 1
+    fi
+}
+
+# 主函数
+main() {
+    print_info "=========================================="
+    print_info "Document AI Frontend 部署脚本"
+    print_info "=========================================="
+    echo ""
+    
+    # 检查必要的命令
+    print_info "检查环境..."
+    check_command "npm"
+    check_command "scp"
+    check_command "ssh"
+    
+    # 步骤1: 构建项目
+    print_info "步骤 1/2: 构建项目（测试环境）..."
+    if npm run build:dev; then
+        print_success "构建完成！"
+    else
+        print_error "构建失败！"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    echo ""
+    
+    # 检查 dist 目录是否存在
+    if [ ! -d "dist" ]; then
+        print_error "dist 目录不存在，构建可能失败"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    
+    # 重命名 dist 为 app.cloud
+    print_info "重命名 dist 为 ${DEPLOY_NAME}..."
+    if [ -d "${DEPLOY_NAME}" ]; then
+        rm -rf "${DEPLOY_NAME}"
+    fi
+    mv dist "${DEPLOY_NAME}"
+    print_success "重命名完成"
+    echo ""
+    
+    # 步骤2: 部署到 ubuntu
+    print_info "步骤 2/2: 部署到 ubuntu..."
+    if deploy_to_server ${ubuntu_HOST}; then
+        print_success "ubuntu 部署完成"
+    else
+        print_error "ubuntu 部署失败"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    echo ""
+    
+    # 完成
+    print_info "清理临时文件..."
+    # 可以选择是否删除本地的 app.cloud 目录
+    # rm -rf ${DEPLOY_NAME}
+    
+    print_success "=========================================="
+    print_success "部署完成！"
+    print_success "=========================================="
+}
+
+# 运行主函数
+main

deploy_prod.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# Document AI Frontend 部署脚本
+# 功能：构建项目并部署到 ecs 服务器
+
+set -e  # 遇到错误立即退出
+
+# 颜色定义
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+BLUE='\033[0;34m'
+NC='\033[0m' # No Color
+
+# 服务器配置
+ECS_HOST="ecs"
+DEPLOY_PATH="/texpixel"
+
+# 打印带颜色的消息
+print_info() {
+    echo -e "${BLUE}[INFO]${NC} $1"
+}
+
+print_success() {
+    echo -e "${GREEN}[SUCCESS]${NC} $1"
+}
+
+print_warning() {
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}[WARNING]${NC} $1"
+}
+
+print_error() {
+    echo -e "${RED}[ERROR]${NC} $1"
+}
+
+# 检查命令是否存在
+check_command() {
+    if ! command -v $1 &> /dev/null; then
+        print_error "$1 命令未找到，请先安装"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+}
+
+# 部署到服务器
+deploy_to_server() {
+    local server=$1
+    print_info "开始部署到 ${server}..."
+    
+    # 上传构建产物
+    print_info "上传 dist 目录到 ${server}..."
+    if scp -r dist ${server}:~ > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+        print_success "文件上传成功"
+    else
+        print_error "文件上传失败"
+        return 1
+    fi
+    
+    # SSH 执行部署操作
+    print_info "在 ${server} 上执行部署操作..."
+    ssh ${server} << EOF
+        set -e
+        cd ${DEPLOY_PATH}
+        
+        # 备份旧版本
+        if [ -d "dist" ]; then
+            echo "备份旧版本..."
+            rm -rf dist_bak/
+            mv dist dist_bak
+        fi
+        
+        # 移动新版本
+        if [ -d ~/dist ]; then
+            mv ~/dist .
+            echo "部署完成！"
+        else
+            echo "错误：找不到 ~/dist 目录"
+            exit 1
+        fi
+        
+        # 重新加载 nginx（如果配置了）
+        if command -v nginx &> /dev/null; then
+            echo "重新加载 nginx..."
+            nginx -t && nginx -s reload || echo "警告：nginx 重新加载失败，请手动检查"
+        fi
+EOF
+    
+    if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then
+        print_success "${server} 部署成功！"
+    else
+        print_error "${server} 部署失败！"
+        return 1
+    fi
+}
+
+# 主函数
+main() {
+    print_info "=========================================="
+    print_info "Document AI Frontend 部署脚本"
+    print_info "=========================================="
+    echo ""
+    
+    # 检查必要的命令
+    print_info "检查环境..."
+    check_command "npm"
+    check_command "scp"
+    check_command "ssh"
+    
+    # 步骤1: 构建项目
+    print_info "步骤 1/2: 构建项目（生产环境）..."
+    if npm run build:prod; then
+        print_success "构建完成！"
+    else
+        print_error "构建失败！"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    echo ""
+    
+    # 检查 dist 目录是否存在
+    if [ ! -d "dist" ]; then
+        print_error "dist 目录不存在，构建可能失败"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    
+    # 步骤2: 部署到 ecs
+    print_info "步骤 2/2: 部署到 ecs..."
+    if deploy_to_server ${ECS_HOST}; then
+        print_success "ecs 部署完成"
+    else
+        print_error "ecs 部署失败"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    echo ""
+    
+    # 完成
+    print_info "清理临时文件..."
+    # 可以选择是否删除本地的 dist 目录
+    # rm -rf dist
+    
+    print_success "=========================================="
+    print_success "部署完成！"
+    print_success "=========================================="
+}
+
+# 运行主函数
+main

docs/MULTILANG_IMPLEMENTATION.md

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+# 多语言功能实现总结
+
+## 📋 实现内容
+
+### 1. HTML 文档改进 (`index.html`)
+- ✅ 添加 `hreflang` 标签支持多语言 SEO
+- ✅ 添加双语 meta 标签（description, keywords）
+- ✅ 添加 Open Graph 和 Twitter Cards 多语言支持
+- ✅ 添加动态语言检测脚本
+- ✅ 优化 `og:locale` 和 `og:locale:alternate` 标签
+
+### 2. SEO 辅助工具 (`src/lib/seoHelper.ts`)
+- ✅ 创建 `updatePageMeta()` 函数动态更新 meta 标签
+- ✅ 创建 `getSEOContent()` 函数获取语言特定的 SEO 内容
+- ✅ 支持更新标题、描述、关键词、OG 标签等
+
+### 3. 语言上下文增强 (`src/contexts/LanguageContext.tsx`)
+- ✅ 集成 `updatePageMeta()` 在语言切换时自动更新页面
+- ✅ 在初始加载时根据用户偏好更新 meta 标签
+- ✅ 在 IP 检测后更新 meta 标签
+
+### 4. 文档和测试
+- ✅ 创建详细的多语言支持文档 (`MULTILANG_README.md`)
+- ✅ 创建浏览器测试脚本 (`test-multilang.js`)
+- ✅ 包含最佳实践和使用示例
+
+## 🎯 功能特性
+
+### 自动语言检测优先级
+1. 用户在 localStorage 中保存的选择（最高优先级）
+2. IP 地理位置检测
+3. 浏览器语言设置（回退）
+
+### SEO 优化
+- **搜索引擎**: 完整的 hreflang 支持
+- **社交媒体**: Open Graph 和 Twitter Cards
+- **元数据**: 动态更新标题、描述、关键词
+
+### 用户体验
+- 一键语言切换（在导航栏）
+- 无刷新页面更新
+- 保持用户选择跨会话
+
+## 📝 使用示例
+
+### 切换语言
+```typescript
+import { useLanguage } from './contexts/LanguageContext';
+
+function Component() {
+  const { language, setLanguage, t } = useLanguage();
+  
+  return (
+    <button onClick={() => setLanguage('en')}>
+      {t.common.switchLanguage}
+    </button>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+### 添加新翻译
+在 `src/lib/translations.ts` 中:
+```typescript
+export const translations = {
+  en: {
+    newFeature: {
+      title: 'New Feature',
+    }
+  },
+  zh: {
+    newFeature: {
+      title: '新功能',
+    }
+  }
+};
+```
+
+### 更新 SEO 内容
+在 `src/lib/seoHelper.ts` 中:
+```typescript
+const seoContent: Record<Language, SEOContent> = {
+  en: {
+    title: 'Your English Title',
+    description: 'Your English description',
+    keywords: 'english, keywords',
+  },
+  zh: {
+    title: '您的中文标题',
+    description: '您的中文描述',
+    keywords: '中文,关键词',
+  },
+};
+```
+
+## 🧪 测试清单
+
+- [ ] 页面首次加载时语言检测正确
+- [ ] 切换语言时标题更新
+- [ ] 切换语言时 meta 标签更新
+- [ ] HTML lang 属性同步更新
+- [ ] localStorage 正确保存用户选择
+- [ ] 所有 UI 文本正确翻译
+- [ ] Open Graph 预览正确显示（使用 [Facebook Sharing Debugger](https://developers.facebook.com/tools/debug/)）
+- [ ] Twitter Card 预览正确显示（使用 [Twitter Card Validator](https://cards-dev.twitter.com/validator)）
+
+## 🚀 部署注意事项
+
+### 服务器配置
+如果使用基于 URL 的语言路由（如 `/en`, `/zh`），需要配置服务器重写规则：
+
+**Nginx 示例**:
+```nginx
+location ~ ^/(en|zh) {
+    try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
+}
+```
+
+**Apache 示例**:
+```apache
+RewriteEngine On
+RewriteRule ^(en|zh)/ /index.html [L]
+```
+
+### CDN 缓存
+确保 CDN 不会缓存带有错误语言的页面：
+- 使用 `Vary: Accept-Language` 头
+- 或在 URL 中包含语言参数
+
+## 🔗 相关资源
+
+- [Google 国际化指南](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/localized-versions)
+- [Open Graph Protocol](https://ogp.me/)
+- [Twitter Cards 文档](https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards)
+- [hreflang 最佳实践](https://support.google.com/webmasters/answer/189077)
+
+## 📞 支持
+
+如有问题或建议，请联系：
+- Email: yogecoder@gmail.com
+- QQ 群: 1018282100

docs/MULTILANG_README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+# 多语言支持说明 / Multi-language Support
+
+## 概述 / Overview
+
+TexPixel 现在支持完整的中英文双语切换，包括：
+- 动态页面标题和 meta 标签更新
+- SEO 优化的多语言支持
+- 智能语言检测（基于 IP 和浏览器偏好）
+
+TexPixel now supports complete bilingual switching between Chinese and English, including:
+- Dynamic page title and meta tag updates
+- SEO-optimized multi-language support
+- Intelligent language detection (based on IP and browser preferences)
+
+---
+
+## 功能特性 / Features
+
+### 1. 自动语言检测 / Automatic Language Detection
+
+应用会按以下优先级检测用户语言：
+1. localStorage 中保存的用户选择
+2. IP 地理位置检测
+3. 浏览器语言设置
+
+The app detects user language in the following order of priority:
+1. User's saved preference in localStorage
+2. IP geolocation detection
+3. Browser language settings
+
+### 2. SEO 优化 / SEO Optimization
+
+- **hreflang 标签**：告知搜索引擎不同语言版本的页面
+- **多语言 meta 标签**：description、keywords、og:locale 等
+- **动态标题更新**：切换语言时自动更新页面标题
+
+Features include:
+- **hreflang tags**: Inform search engines about different language versions
+- **Multilingual meta tags**: description, keywords, og:locale, etc.
+- **Dynamic title updates**: Automatically update page title when switching languages
+
+### 3. Open Graph 和 Twitter Cards
+
+支持社交媒体分享的多语言 meta 标签：
+- Facebook (Open Graph)
+- Twitter Cards
+- 其他支持 OG 协议的平台
+
+Multilingual meta tags for social media sharing:
+- Facebook (Open Graph)
+- Twitter Cards
+- Other platforms supporting OG protocol
+
+---
+
+## 技术实现 / Technical Implementation
+
+### 文件结构 / File Structure
+
+```
+src/
+├── lib/
+│   ├── seoHelper.ts          # SEO 元数据管理 / SEO metadata management
+│   ├── translations.ts        # 翻译文本 / Translation texts
+│   └── ipLocation.ts          # IP 定位 / IP location detection
+├── contexts/
+│   └── LanguageContext.tsx    # 语言上下文 / Language context
+└── components/
+    └── Navbar.tsx             # 语言切换器 / Language switcher
+```
+
+### 核心函数 / Core Functions
+
+#### `updatePageMeta(language: Language)`
+更新页面的所有 SEO 相关元数据，包括：
+- document.title
+- HTML lang 属性
+- meta description
+- meta keywords
+- Open Graph 标签
+- Twitter Card 标签
+
+Updates all SEO-related metadata on the page, including:
+- document.title
+- HTML lang attribute
+- meta description
+- meta keywords
+- Open Graph tags
+- Twitter Card tags
+
+#### `getSEOContent(language: Language)`
+获取指定语言的 SEO 内容（标题、描述、关键词）
+
+Get SEO content for a specific language (title, description, keywords)
+
+---
+
+## 使用方法 / Usage
+
+### 在组件中使用语言功能 / Using Language Features in Components
+
+```typescript
+import { useLanguage } from '../contexts/LanguageContext';
+
+function MyComponent() {
+  const { language, setLanguage, t } = useLanguage();
+  
+  return (
+    <div>
+      <h1>{t.common.title}</h1>
+      <button onClick={() => setLanguage('en')}>English</button>
+      <button onClick={() => setLanguage('zh')}>中文</button>
+    </div>
+  );
+}
+```
+
+### 添加新的翻译文本 / Adding New Translation Texts
+
+在 `src/lib/translations.ts` 中添加：
+
+```typescript
+export const translations = {
+  en: {
+    myFeature: {
+      title: 'My Feature',
+      description: 'Feature description',
+    }
+  },
+  zh: {
+    myFeature: {
+      title: '我的功能',
+      description: '功能描述',
+    }
+  }
+};
+```
+
+---
+
+## 最佳实践 / Best Practices
+
+1. **始终提供双语内容** / Always provide bilingual content
+   - 确保所有用户可见的文本都有中英文翻译
+   - Ensure all user-visible text has Chinese and English translations
+
+2. **保持 SEO 元数据最新** / Keep SEO metadata up-to-date
+   - 在 `seoHelper.ts` 中维护准确的页面描述和关键词
+   - Maintain accurate page descriptions and keywords in `seoHelper.ts`
+
+3. **测试语言切换** / Test language switching
+   - 确保切换语言时页面标题和 meta 标签正确更新
+   - Ensure page title and meta tags update correctly when switching languages
+
+4. **考虑 RTL 语言** / Consider RTL languages
+   - 虽然目前只支持中英文，但代码架构支持未来添加其他语言
+   - While currently supporting only Chinese and English, the architecture supports adding other languages in the future
+
+---
+
+## 路线图 / Roadmap
+
+- [ ] 添加更多语言支持（日语、韩语等）/ Add more language support (Japanese, Korean, etc.)
+- [ ] 实现 URL 路由多语言 (/en, /zh) / Implement URL routing for languages
+- [ ] 服务端渲染 (SSR) 支持 / Server-side rendering (SSR) support
+- [ ] 语言特定的日期和数字格式化 / Language-specific date and number formatting
+
+---
+
+## 相关链接 / Related Links
+
+- [hreflang 标签最佳实践](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/localized-versions)
+- [Open Graph Protocol](https://ogp.me/)
+- [Twitter Cards Documentation](https://developer.twitter.com/en/docs/twitter-for-websites/cards/overview/abouts-cards)

index.html

@@ -1,35 +1,89 @@
 <!doctype html>
-<html lang="en">
+<html lang="zh-CN">
 
 <head>
   <meta charset="UTF-8" />
   <link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="/vite.svg" />
   <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
-  <title>⚡️ TexPixel - 公式识别工具</title>
+  <link rel="canonical" href="https://texpixel.com/" />
+  <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://texpixel.com/" />
+  <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://texpixel.com/en/" />
+  <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://texpixel.com/" />
   
-  <!-- SEO Meta Tags -->
+  <!-- Dynamic Title (will be updated by app) -->
-  <meta name="description" content="在线公式识别工具，支持印刷体和手写体数学公式识别，快速准确地将图片中的数学公式转换为可编辑文本。" />
+  <title>⚡️ TexPixel - 公式识别工具 | Formula Recognition Tool</title>
+
+  <!-- SEO Meta Tags - Chinese (Default) -->
+  <meta name="description" content="在线公式识别工具，支持印刷体和手写体数学公式识别，快速准确地将图片中的数学公式转换为可编辑文本。Online formula recognition tool supporting printed and handwritten math formulas." />
   <meta name="keywords"
-    content="公式识别,数学公式,OCR,手写公式识别,印刷体识别,AI识别,数学工具,免费,handwriting,formula,recognition,ocr,handwriting,recognition,math,handwriting,free" />
+    content="公式识别,数学公式,OCR,手写公式识别,印刷体识别,AI识别,数学工具,免费,formula recognition,math formula,handwriting recognition,latex,mathml,markdown,texpixel,TexPixel,混合文字识别,document recognition" />
   <meta name="author" content="TexPixel Team" />
   <meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
 
-  <!-- Open Graph Meta Tags -->
+  <!-- Open Graph Meta Tags - Bilingual -->
-  <meta property="og:title" content="TexPixel - 公式识别工具" />
+  <meta property="og:title" content="TexPixel - 公式识别工具 | Formula Recognition Tool" />
-  <meta property="og:description" content="在线公式识别工具，支持印刷体和手写体数学公式识别，快速准确地将图片中的数学公式转换为可编辑文本。" />
+  <meta property="og:description" content="在线公式识别工具，支持印刷体和手写体数学公式识别。Online formula recognition tool supporting printed and handwritten math formulas." />
   <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
   <meta property="og:url" content="https://texpixel.com/" />
   <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.texpixel.com/public/logo.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_600" />
+  <meta property="og:locale" content="zh_CN" />
+  <meta property="og:locale:alternate" content="en_US" />
+  <meta property="og:site_name" content="TexPixel" />
 
-  <!-- Twitter Card Meta Tags -->
+  <!-- Twitter Card Meta Tags - Bilingual -->
   <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
-  <meta name="twitter:title" content="TexPixel - 公式识别工具" />
+  <meta name="twitter:title" content="TexPixel - Formula Recognition Tool | 公式识别工具" />
-  <meta name="twitter:description" content="在线公式识别工具，支持印刷体和手写体数学公式识别。" />
+  <meta name="twitter:description" content="Online formula recognition tool supporting printed and handwritten math formulas. 支持印刷体和手写体数学公式识别。" />
   <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.texpixel.com/public/logo.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_600" />
+  <meta name="twitter:site" content="@TexPixel" />
 
-  <!-- baidu -->
+  <!-- Baidu Verification -->
   <meta name="baidu-site-verification" content="codeva-8zU93DeGgH" />
 
+  <!-- Structured Data -->
+  <script type="application/ld+json">
+    {
+      "@context": "https://schema.org",
+      "@type": "WebSite",
+      "name": "TexPixel",
+      "url": "https://texpixel.com/",
+      "inLanguage": ["zh-CN", "en"],
+      "description": "Formula recognition tool for converting images and PDFs into LaTeX, MathML, and Markdown."
+    }
+  </script>
+  <script type="application/ld+json">
+    {
+      "@context": "https://schema.org",
+      "@type": "SoftwareApplication",
+      "name": "TexPixel",
+      "applicationCategory": "BusinessApplication",
+      "operatingSystem": "Web",
+      "url": "https://texpixel.com/",
+      "offers": {
+        "@type": "Offer",
+        "price": "0",
+        "priceCurrency": "USD"
+      },
+      "description": "Online OCR and formula recognition for printed and handwritten mathematical expressions."
+    }
+  </script>
+
+  <!-- Language Detection Script -->
+  <script>
+    // Update HTML lang attribute based on user preference or browser language
+    (function() {
+      const savedLang = localStorage.getItem('language');
+      const browserLang = navigator.language.toLowerCase();
+      const isZh = savedLang === 'zh' || (!savedLang && browserLang.startsWith('zh'));
+      document.documentElement.lang = isZh ? 'zh-CN' : 'en';
+      
+      // Update page title based on language
+      if (!isZh) {
+        document.title = '⚡️ TexPixel - Formula Recognition Tool';
+      }
+    })();
+  </script>
+
 </head>
 
 <body>

package-lock.json

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@
         "mathml2omml": "^0.5.0",
         "react": "^18.3.1",
         "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
+        "react-hot-toast": "^2.6.0",
         "react-markdown": "^10.1.0",
         "rehype-katex": "^7.0.1",
         "remark-breaks": "^4.0.0",
@@ -2804,6 +2805,15 @@
         "url": "https://github.com/sponsors/sindresorhus"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/goober": {
+      "version": "2.1.18",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/goober/-/goober-2.1.18.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-2vFqsaDVIT9Gz7N6kAL++pLpp41l3PfDuusHcjnGLfR6+huZkl6ziX+zgVC3ZxpqWhzH6pyDdGrCeDhMIvwaxw==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "csstype": "^3.0.10"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/graphemer": {
       "version": "1.4.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/graphemer/-/graphemer-1.4.0.tgz",
@@ -4575,6 +4585,23 @@
         "react": "^18.3.1"
       }
     },
+    "node_modules/react-hot-toast": {
+      "version": "2.6.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-hot-toast/-/react-hot-toast-2.6.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-bH+2EBMZ4sdyou/DPrfgIouFpcRLCJ+HoCA32UoAYHn6T3Ur5yfcDCeSr5mwldl6pFOsiocmrXMuoCJ1vV8bWg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "dependencies": {
+        "csstype": "^3.1.3",
+        "goober": "^2.1.16"
+      },
+      "engines": {
+        "node": ">=10"
+      },
+      "peerDependencies": {
+        "react": ">=16",
+        "react-dom": ">=16"
+      }
+    },
     "node_modules/react-markdown": {
       "version": "10.1.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/react-markdown/-/react-markdown-10.1.0.tgz",

package.json

@@ -23,6 +23,7 @@
     "mathml2omml": "^0.5.0",
     "react": "^18.3.1",
     "react-dom": "^18.3.1",
+    "react-hot-toast": "^2.6.0",
     "react-markdown": "^10.1.0",
     "rehype-katex": "^7.0.1",
     "remark-breaks": "^4.0.0",

public/en/index.html

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+  <meta charset="UTF-8" />
+  <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
+  <title>TexPixel - Formula Recognition Tool for LaTeX, MathML, and Markdown</title>
+  <meta name="description" content="TexPixel converts printed and handwritten math formulas from images and PDFs into LaTeX, MathML, and Markdown." />
+  <meta name="robots" content="index, follow" />
+  <meta name="author" content="TexPixel Team" />
+  <link rel="canonical" href="https://texpixel.com/en/" />
+  <link rel="alternate" hreflang="zh-CN" href="https://texpixel.com/" />
+  <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://texpixel.com/en/" />
+  <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://texpixel.com/" />
+
+  <meta property="og:type" content="website" />
+  <meta property="og:site_name" content="TexPixel" />
+  <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" />
+  <meta property="og:locale:alternate" content="zh_CN" />
+  <meta property="og:url" content="https://texpixel.com/en/" />
+  <meta property="og:title" content="TexPixel - Formula Recognition Tool" />
+  <meta property="og:description" content="Extract formulas from images and PDFs to editable LaTeX, MathML, and Markdown." />
+  <meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.texpixel.com/public/logo.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_600" />
+
+  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
+  <meta name="twitter:site" content="@TexPixel" />
+  <meta name="twitter:title" content="TexPixel - Formula Recognition Tool" />
+  <meta name="twitter:description" content="Convert mathematical content from images and PDFs into LaTeX, MathML, and Markdown." />
+  <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.texpixel.com/public/logo.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_600" />
+
+  <script type="application/ld+json">
+    {
+      "@context": "https://schema.org",
+      "@type": "WebPage",
+      "name": "TexPixel English",
+      "url": "https://texpixel.com/en/",
+      "inLanguage": "en",
+      "description": "Formula recognition landing page in English."
+    }
+  </script>
+  <script type="application/ld+json">
+    {
+      "@context": "https://schema.org",
+      "@type": "FAQPage",
+      "mainEntity": [
+        {
+          "@type": "Question",
+          "name": "What can TexPixel recognize?",
+          "acceptedAnswer": {
+            "@type": "Answer",
+            "text": "TexPixel recognizes printed and handwritten mathematical formulas from images and PDF pages."
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "@type": "Question",
+          "name": "Which output formats are supported?",
+          "acceptedAnswer": {
+            "@type": "Answer",
+            "text": "TexPixel supports LaTeX, MathML, and Markdown outputs for downstream editing and publishing."
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          "@type": "Question",
+          "name": "Do I need to install software?",
+          "acceptedAnswer": {
+            "@type": "Answer",
+            "text": "No installation is required. TexPixel works as a web application."
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  </script>
+  <style>
+    :root {
+      --bg: #f7f8fc;
+      --text: #111827;
+      --muted: #4b5563;
+      --accent: #0f766e;
+      --accent-hover: #0d5f59;
+      --card: #ffffff;
+    }
+    * { box-sizing: border-box; }
+    body {
+      margin: 0;
+      font-family: "Segoe UI", "Helvetica Neue", Arial, sans-serif;
+      color: var(--text);
+      background: radial-gradient(circle at 20% 20%, #eefbf8 0%, var(--bg) 40%, #f6f8ff 100%);
+      line-height: 1.6;
+    }
+    .wrap {
+      max-width: 980px;
+      margin: 0 auto;
+      padding: 48px 20px 64px;
+    }
+    .hero, .section {
+      background: var(--card);
+      border-radius: 14px;
+      padding: 28px;
+      box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.06);
+      margin-bottom: 20px;
+    }
+    h1 {
+      margin: 0 0 8px;
+      font-size: clamp(28px, 4vw, 42px);
+      line-height: 1.2;
+    }
+    h2 {
+      margin: 0 0 12px;
+      font-size: 24px;
+    }
+    p { margin: 0 0 14px; color: var(--muted); }
+    ul { margin: 0; padding-left: 20px; color: var(--muted); }
+    li { margin-bottom: 8px; }
+    .cta {
+      display: inline-block;
+      margin-top: 10px;
+      background: var(--accent);
+      color: #fff;
+      text-decoration: none;
+      font-weight: 600;
+      padding: 12px 18px;
+      border-radius: 10px;
+    }
+    .cta:hover { background: var(--accent-hover); }
+    .small { font-size: 14px; }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <main class="wrap">
+    <section class="hero">
+      <h1>Formula Recognition for Real Math Workflows</h1>
+      <p>TexPixel converts formulas from screenshots, photos, and PDF pages into editable text formats for researchers, students, and engineering teams.</p>
+      <a class="cta" id="open-app" href="/">Open TexPixel App</a>
+      <p class="small">The app opens at the main product URL and defaults to English for this entry point.</p>
+    </section>
+
+    <section class="section">
+      <h2>Core Capabilities</h2>
+      <ul>
+        <li>Recognize printed and handwritten formulas from image or PDF input.</li>
+        <li>Export to LaTeX for papers, MathML for web workflows, and Markdown for docs.</li>
+        <li>Use the browser-based workflow without local software installation.</li>
+      </ul>
+    </section>
+
+    <section class="section">
+      <h2>FAQ</h2>
+      <p><strong>Is TexPixel browser-based?</strong><br />Yes. You can upload files and get output directly in the web app.</p>
+      <p><strong>What content type works best?</strong><br />Clean scans and high-contrast screenshots improve recognition quality.</p>
+      <p><strong>Can I reuse output in technical documents?</strong><br />Yes. LaTeX and Markdown outputs are intended for editing and reuse.</p>
+    </section>
+  </main>
+
+  <script>
+    (function () {
+      var openApp = document.getElementById('open-app');
+      if (!openApp) return;
+      openApp.addEventListener('click', function () {
+        try {
+          localStorage.setItem('language', 'en');
+        } catch (err) {
+          // Keep navigation working even if storage is unavailable.
+        }
+      });
+    })();
+  </script>
+</body>
+</html>

public/llms.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+# TexPixel
+
+TexPixel is a web tool for converting images and PDFs into editable mathematical formats such as LaTeX, MathML, and Markdown.
+
+Canonical URL: https://texpixel.com/
+Primary languages: zh-CN, en
+
+## Preferred page for citation
+- https://texpixel.com/
+- https://texpixel.com/en/
+
+## Crawl guidance
+- Public product content is allowed for indexing.
+- Avoid API and authenticated/private areas.

public/robots.txt

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+User-agent: *
+Allow: /
+Disallow: /api/
+Disallow: /auth/
+Disallow: /admin/
+
+Sitemap: https://texpixel.com/sitemap.xml

public/sitemap.xml

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<urlset xmlns="http://www.sitemaps.org/schemas/sitemap/0.9">
+  <url>
+    <loc>https://texpixel.com/</loc>
+    <lastmod>2026-02-25</lastmod>
+    <changefreq>weekly</changefreq>
+    <priority>1.0</priority>
+  </url>
+  <url>
+    <loc>https://texpixel.com/en/</loc>
+    <lastmod>2026-02-25</lastmod>
+    <changefreq>weekly</changefreq>
+    <priority>0.9</priority>
+  </url>
+</urlset>

src/App.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import React, { useEffect, useState, useRef, useCallback } from 'react';
 import { useAuth } from './contexts/AuthContext';
+import { useLanguage } from './contexts/LanguageContext';
 import { uploadService } from './lib/uploadService';
 import { FileRecord, RecognitionResult } from './types';
 import { TaskStatus, TaskHistoryItem } from './types/api';
@@ -8,15 +9,18 @@ import Navbar from './components/Navbar';
 import FilePreview from './components/FilePreview';
 import ResultPanel from './components/ResultPanel';
 import UploadModal from './components/UploadModal';
+import UserGuide from './components/UserGuide';
 
 const PAGE_SIZE = 6;
 
 function App() {
   const { user, initializing } = useAuth();
+  const { t } = useLanguage();
   const [files, setFiles] = useState<FileRecord[]>([]);
   const [selectedFileId, setSelectedFileId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [selectedResult, setSelectedResult] = useState<RecognitionResult | null>(null);
   const [showUploadModal, setShowUploadModal] = useState(false);
+  const [showUserGuide, setShowUserGuide] = useState(false);
   const [loading, setLoading] = useState(false);
 
   // Pagination state
@@ -41,6 +45,20 @@ function App() {
 
   const selectedFile = files.find((f) => f.id === selectedFileId) || null;
 
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const handleStartGuide = () => setShowUserGuide(true);
+    window.addEventListener('start-user-guide', handleStartGuide);
+
+    // Check for first-time user
+    const hasSeenGuide = localStorage.getItem('hasSeenGuide');
+    if (!hasSeenGuide) {
+      setTimeout(() => setShowUserGuide(true), 1500);
+      localStorage.setItem('hasSeenGuide', 'true');
+    }
+
+    return () => window.removeEventListener('start-user-guide', handleStartGuide);
+  }, []);
+
   useEffect(() => {
     if (!initializing && user && !hasLoadedFiles.current) {
       hasLoadedFiles.current = true;
@@ -162,7 +180,7 @@ function App() {
       markdown_content: item.markdown,
       latex_content: item.latex,
       mathml_content: item.mathml,
-      mathml_word_content: item.mathml_mw,
+      mml: item.mml,
       rendered_image_path: item.image_blob || null,
       created_at: item.created_at,
     };
@@ -269,7 +287,7 @@ function App() {
             markdown_content: result.markdown,
             latex_content: result.latex,
             mathml_content: result.mathml,
-            mathml_word_content: result.mathml_mw,
+            mml: result.mml,
             rendered_image_path: result.image_blob || null,
             created_at: new Date().toISOString(),
           };
@@ -326,7 +344,7 @@ function App() {
               markdown_content: result.markdown,
               latex_content: result.latex,
               mathml_content: result.mathml,
-              mathml_word_content: result.mathml_mw,
+              mml: result.mml,
               rendered_image_path: result.image_blob || null,
               created_at: new Date().toISOString()
             };
@@ -352,7 +370,7 @@ function App() {
             return f;
           }));
 
-          alert('Task timeout: Recognition took too long.');
+          alert(t.alerts.taskTimeout);
         }
 
       } catch (error) {
@@ -366,7 +384,7 @@ function App() {
             if (f.id === fileId) return { ...f, status: 'failed' };
             return f;
           }));
-          alert('Task timeout or network error.');
+          alert(t.alerts.networkError);
         }
       }
     }, 2000); // Poll every 2 seconds
@@ -415,7 +433,7 @@ function App() {
       }
     } catch (error) {
       console.error('Error uploading files:', error);
-      alert('Upload failed: ' + (error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'));
+      alert(`${t.alerts.uploadFailed}: ` + (error instanceof Error ? error.message : 'Unknown error'));
     } finally {
       setLoading(false);
     }
@@ -426,7 +444,7 @@ function App() {
       <div className="min-h-screen bg-gray-50 flex items-center justify-center">
         <div className="text-center">
           <div className="w-16 h-16 border-4 border-blue-600 border-t-transparent rounded-full animate-spin mx-auto mb-4"></div>
-          <p className="text-gray-600">Loading...</p>
+          <p className="text-gray-600">{t.common.loading}</p>
         </div>
       </div>
     );
@@ -484,11 +502,16 @@ function App() {
           />
         )}
 
+        <UserGuide
+          isOpen={showUserGuide}
+          onClose={() => setShowUserGuide(false)}
+        />
+
         {loading && (
           <div className="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-30 flex items-center justify-center z-50">
             <div className="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-xl p-8">
               <div className="w-16 h-16 border-4 border-blue-600 border-t-transparent rounded-full animate-spin mx-auto mb-4"></div>
-              <p className="text-gray-900 font-medium">Processing...</p>
+              <p className="text-gray-900 font-medium">{t.common.processing}</p>
             </div>
           </div>
         )}

src/components/AuthModal.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { useState } from 'react';
 import { X } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useAuth } from '../contexts/AuthContext';
+import { useLanguage } from '../contexts/LanguageContext';
 
 interface AuthModalProps {
   onClose: () => void;
@@ -8,6 +9,7 @@ interface AuthModalProps {
 
 export default function AuthModal({ onClose }: AuthModalProps) {
   const { signIn, signUp } = useAuth();
+  const { t } = useLanguage();
   const [isSignUp, setIsSignUp] = useState(false);
   const [email, setEmail] = useState('');
   const [password, setPassword] = useState('');
@@ -41,7 +43,7 @@ export default function AuthModal({ onClose }: AuthModalProps) {
       <div className="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-xl max-w-md w-full p-6">
         <div className="flex justify-between items-center mb-6">
           <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900">
-            {isSignUp ? '注册账号' : '登录账号'}
+            {isSignUp ? t.auth.signUpTitle : t.auth.signInTitle}
           </h2>
           <button
             onClick={onClose}
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@ export default function AuthModal({ onClose }: AuthModalProps) {
         <form onSubmit={handleSubmit} className="space-y-4">
           <div>
             <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-1">
-              邮箱
+              {t.auth.email}
             </label>
             <input
               type="email"
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ export default function AuthModal({ onClose }: AuthModalProps) {
 
           <div>
             <label className="block text-sm font-medium text-gray-700 mb-1">
-              密码
+              {t.auth.password}
             </label>
             <input
               type="password"
@@ -83,7 +85,7 @@ export default function AuthModal({ onClose }: AuthModalProps) {
 
           {error && (
             <div className="p-3 bg-red-100 border border-red-400 text-red-700 rounded-lg text-sm font-medium animate-pulse">
-              错误: {error}
+              {t.auth.error}: {error}
             </div>
           )}
 
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ export default function AuthModal({ onClose }: AuthModalProps) {
             disabled={loading}
             className="w-full py-3 px-4 bg-blue-600 text-white rounded-lg hover:bg-blue-700 transition-colors font-medium disabled:opacity-80 disabled:cursor-wait"
           >
-            {isSignUp ? '注册' : '登录'}
+            {isSignUp ? t.auth.signUp : t.auth.signIn}
           </button>
         </form>
 
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ export default function AuthModal({ onClose }: AuthModalProps) {
             onClick={() => setIsSignUp(!isSignUp)}
             className="text-sm text-blue-600 hover:text-blue-700"
           >
-            {isSignUp ? '已有账号？去登录' : '没有账号？去注册'}
+            {isSignUp ? t.auth.hasAccount : t.auth.noAccount}
           </button>
         </div>
       </div>

src/components/ExportSidebar.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 import { useState } from 'react';
 import { X, Check, Copy, Download, Code2, Image as ImageIcon, FileText, Loader2, LucideIcon } from 'lucide-react';
 import { RecognitionResult } from '../types';
-import { convertMathmlToOmml, wrapOmmlForClipboard } from '../lib/ommlConverter';
 import { generateImageFromElement, copyImageToClipboard, downloadImage } from '../lib/imageGenerator';
 import { API_BASE_URL } from '../config/env';
 import { tokenManager } from '../lib/api';
+import { trackExportEvent } from '../lib/analytics';
+import { useLanguage } from '../contexts/LanguageContext';
+import toast, { Toaster } from 'react-hot-toast';
 
 interface ExportSidebarProps {
   isOpen: boolean;
@@ -24,6 +26,7 @@ interface ExportOption {
 }
 
 export default function ExportSidebar({ isOpen, onClose, result }: ExportSidebarProps) {
+  const { t } = useLanguage();
   const [copiedId, setCopiedId] = useState<string | null>(null);
   const [exportingId, setExportingId] = useState<string | null>(null);
 
@@ -37,14 +40,25 @@ export default function ExportSidebar({ isOpen, onClose, result }: ExportSidebar
       category: 'Code',
       getContent: (r) => r.markdown_content
     },
+    {
+      id: 'latex',
+      label: 'LaTeX',
+      category: 'Code',
+      getContent: (r) => r.latex_content
+    },
     {
       id: 'latex_inline',
       label: 'LaTeX (Inline)',
       category: 'Code',
       getContent: (r) => {
         if (!r.latex_content) return null;
-        // Remove existing \[ \] and wrap with \( \)
+        // Remove existing delimiters like \[ \], \( \), $$, or $
-        const content = r.latex_content.replace(/^\\\[/, '').replace(/\\\]$/, '').trim();
+        let content = r.latex_content.trim();
+        content = content.replace(/^\\\[/, '').replace(/\\\]$/, '');
+        content = content.replace(/^\\\(/, '').replace(/\\\)$/, '');
+        content = content.replace(/^\$\$/, '').replace(/\$\$$/, '');
+        content = content.replace(/^\$/, '').replace(/\$$/, '');
+        content = content.trim();
         return `\\(${content}\\)`;
       }
     },
@@ -52,7 +66,17 @@ export default function ExportSidebar({ isOpen, onClose, result }: ExportSidebar
       id: 'latex_display',
       label: 'LaTeX (Display)',
       category: 'Code',
-      getContent: (r) => r.latex_content
+      getContent: (r) => {
+        if (!r.latex_content) return null;
+        // Remove existing delimiters like \[ \], \( \), $$, or $
+        let content = r.latex_content.trim();
+        content = content.replace(/^\\\[/, '').replace(/\\\]$/, '');
+        content = content.replace(/^\\\(/, '').replace(/\\\)$/, '');
+        content = content.replace(/^\$\$/, '').replace(/\$\$$/, '');
+        content = content.replace(/^\$/, '').replace(/\$$/, '');
+        content = content.trim();
+        return `\\[${content}\\]`;
+      }
     },
     {
       id: 'mathml',
@@ -61,10 +85,10 @@ export default function ExportSidebar({ isOpen, onClose, result }: ExportSidebar
       getContent: (r) => r.mathml_content
     },
     {
-      id: 'mathml_word',
+      id: 'mathml_mml',
-      label: 'Word MathML',
+      label: 'MathML (MML)',
       category: 'Code',
-      getContent: (r) => r.mathml_word_content
+      getContent: (r) => r.mml
     },
     // Image Category
     {
@@ -127,7 +151,7 @@ export default function ExportSidebar({ isOpen, onClose, result }: ExportSidebar
       }, 1000);
     } catch (err) {
       console.error('Export failed:', err);
-      alert('导出失败，请重试');
+      alert(t.export.failed);
     } finally {
       setExportingId(null);
     }
@@ -160,13 +184,22 @@ export default function ExportSidebar({ isOpen, onClose, result }: ExportSidebar
       }, 1000);
     } catch (err) {
       console.error('Failed to generate image:', err);
-      alert(`生成图片失败: ${err}`);
+      alert(`${t.export.imageFailed}: ${err}`);
     } finally {
       setExportingId(null);
     }
   };
 
   const handleAction = async (option: ExportOption) => {
+    // Analytics tracking
+    if (result?.id) {
+      trackExportEvent(
+        result.id,
+        option.id,
+        exportOptions.map(o => o.id)
+      );
+    }
+
     // Handle DOCX export via API
     if (option.id === 'docx') {
       await handleFileExport('docx');
@@ -179,22 +212,33 @@ export default function ExportSidebar({ isOpen, onClose, result }: ExportSidebar
       return;
     }
 
-    let content = option.getContent(result);
+    const content = option.getContent(result);
 
-    // Fallback: If Word MathML is missing, try to convert from MathML
+    // Check if content is empty and show toast
-    if (option.id === 'mathml_word' && !content && result.mathml_content) {
+    if (!content) {
-      try {
+      toast.error(t.export.noContent, {
-        const omml = await convertMathmlToOmml(result.mathml_content);
+        duration: 2000,
-        if (omml) {
+        position: 'top-center',
-          content = wrapOmmlForClipboard(omml);
+        style: {
-        }
+          background: '#fff',
-      } catch (err) {
+          color: '#1f2937',
-        console.error('Failed to convert MathML to OMML:', err);
+          padding: '16px 20px',
-      }
+          borderRadius: '12px',
+          boxShadow: '0 10px 40px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15), 0 2px 8px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1)',
+          border: '1px solid #dbeafe',
+          fontSize: '14px',
+          fontWeight: '500',
+          maxWidth: '900px',
+          lineHeight: '1.5',
+        },
+        iconTheme: {
+          primary: '#ef4444',
+          secondary: '#ffffff',
+        },
+      });
+      return;
     }
 
-    if (!content) return;
-
     setExportingId(option.id);
 
     try {
@@ -222,19 +266,58 @@ export default function ExportSidebar({ isOpen, onClose, result }: ExportSidebar
 
     } catch (err) {
       console.error('Action failed:', err);
+      toast.error(t.export.failed, {
+        duration: 3000,
+        position: 'top-center',
+      });
     } finally {
       setExportingId(null);
     }
   };
 
   const categories: { id: ExportCategory; icon: LucideIcon; label: string }[] = [
-    { id: 'Code', icon: Code2, label: 'Code' },
+    { id: 'Code', icon: Code2, label: t.export.categories.code },
-    { id: 'Image', icon: ImageIcon, label: 'Image' },
+    { id: 'Image', icon: ImageIcon, label: t.export.categories.image },
-    { id: 'File', icon: FileText, label: 'File' },
+    { id: 'File', icon: FileText, label: t.export.categories.file },
   ];
 
   return (
     <>
+      {/* Toast Container with custom configuration */}
+      <Toaster
+        position="top-center"
+        toastOptions={{
+          duration: 3000,
+          style: {
+            background: '#fff',
+            color: '#1f2937',
+            fontSize: '14px',
+            fontWeight: '500',
+            borderRadius: '12px',
+            boxShadow: '0 10px 40px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.15), 0 2px 8px rgba(59, 130, 246, 0.1)',
+            maxWidth: '420px',
+          },
+          success: {
+            iconTheme: {
+              primary: '#10b981',
+              secondary: '#ffffff',
+            },
+            style: {
+              border: '1px solid #d1fae5',
+            },
+          },
+          error: {
+            iconTheme: {
+              primary: '#3b82f6',
+              secondary: '#ffffff',
+            },
+            style: {
+              border: '1px solid #dbeafe',
+            },
+          },
+        }}
+      />
+
       {/* Backdrop */}
       {isOpen && (
         <div
@@ -251,7 +334,7 @@ export default function ExportSidebar({ isOpen, onClose, result }: ExportSidebar
         `}
       >
         <div className="flex items-center justify-between px-6 py-5 border-b border-gray-100 shrink-0">
-          <h2 className="text-lg font-bold text-gray-900">Export</h2>
+          <h2 className="text-lg font-bold text-gray-900">{t.export.title}</h2>
           <button onClick={onClose} className="p-2 hover:bg-gray-100 rounded-full transition-colors">
             <X size={20} className="text-gray-500" />
           </button>

src/components/FilePreview.tsx

@@ -1,12 +1,14 @@
 import { useState } from 'react';
 import { ChevronLeft, ChevronRight, File as FileIcon, MinusCircle, PlusCircle } from 'lucide-react';
 import { FileRecord } from '../types';
+import { useLanguage } from '../contexts/LanguageContext';
 
 interface FilePreviewProps {
   file: FileRecord | null;
 }
 
 export default function FilePreview({ file }: FilePreviewProps) {
+  const { t } = useLanguage();
   const [zoom, setZoom] = useState(100);
   const [page, setPage] = useState(1);
   const totalPages = 1;
@@ -16,13 +18,13 @@ export default function FilePreview({ file }: FilePreviewProps) {
 
   if (!file) {
     return (
-      <div className="flex-1 flex flex-col items-center justify-center bg-white p-8 text-center border border-white border-solid">
+      <div className="flex-1 flex flex-col items-center justify-center bg-white p-8 text-center border border-white border-solid" id="file-preview-empty">
         <div className="w-32 h-32 bg-gray-100 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mb-6 shadow-inner">
           <FileIcon size={48} className="text-gray-900" />
         </div>
-        <h3 className="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-900 mb-2">Upload file</h3>
+        <h3 className="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-900 mb-2">{t.common.upload}</h3>
         <p className="text-gray-500 max-w-xs">
-          Click, Drop, or Paste a file to start parsing
+          {t.sidebar.uploadInstruction}
         </p>
       </div>
     );
@@ -68,7 +70,7 @@ export default function FilePreview({ file }: FilePreviewProps) {
             <button
               onClick={handleZoomOut}
               className="p-1 hover:bg-white hover:shadow-sm rounded-md text-gray-500 transition-all"
-              title="缩小"
+              title={t.common.preview}
             >
               <MinusCircle size={16} />
             </button>
@@ -78,7 +80,7 @@ export default function FilePreview({ file }: FilePreviewProps) {
             <button
               onClick={handleZoomIn}
               className="p-1 hover:bg-white hover:shadow-sm rounded-md text-gray-500 transition-all"
-              title="放大"
+              title={t.common.preview}
             >
               <PlusCircle size={16} />
             </button>

src/components/LeftSidebar.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import React, { useState, useRef, useCallback, useEffect } from 'react';
 import { Upload, LogIn, LogOut, FileText, Clock, ChevronLeft, ChevronRight, Settings, History, MousePointerClick, FileUp, ClipboardPaste, Loader2 } from 'lucide-react';
 import { useAuth } from '../contexts/AuthContext';
+import { useLanguage } from '../contexts/LanguageContext';
 import { FileRecord } from '../types';
 import AuthModal from './AuthModal';
 
@@ -30,11 +31,13 @@ export default function LeftSidebar({
   onLoadMore,
 }: LeftSidebarProps) {
   const { user, signOut } = useAuth();
+  const { t } = useLanguage();
   const [showAuthModal, setShowAuthModal] = useState(false);
   const [isDragging, setIsDragging] = useState(false);
   const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
   const listRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
 
+  // ... (rest of the logic remains the same)
   // Handle scroll to load more
   const handleScroll = useCallback(() => {
     if (!listRef.current || loadingMore || !hasMore) return;
@@ -116,13 +119,13 @@ export default function LeftSidebar({
         <button
           onClick={onUploadClick}
           className="p-3 rounded-xl bg-blue-600 text-white hover:bg-blue-700 shadow-lg shadow-blue-600/20 transition-all mb-6"
-          title="Upload"
+          title={t.common.upload}
         >
           <Upload size={20} />
         </button>
 
         <div className="flex-1 w-full flex flex-col items-center gap-4">
-          <button className="p-2 text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-900 transition-colors" title="History">
+          <button className="p-2 text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-900 transition-colors" title={t.common.history}>
             <History size={20} />
           </button>
         </div>
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ export default function LeftSidebar({
         <button
           onClick={() => !user && setShowAuthModal(true)}
           className="p-3 rounded-lg text-gray-600 hover:bg-gray-200 transition-colors mt-auto"
-          title={user ? 'Signed In' : 'Sign In'}
+          title={user ? 'Signed In' : t.common.login}
         >
           <LogIn size={20} />
         </button>
@@ -145,8 +148,8 @@ export default function LeftSidebar({
         <div className="p-6 pb-4">
           <div className="flex items-start justify-between mb-6">
             <div>
-              <h2 className="text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 leading-tight">Formula Recognize</h2>
+              <h2 className="text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 leading-tight">{t.sidebar.title}</h2>
-              <p className="text-xs text-gray-500 mt-1">Support handwriting and printed formulas</p>
+              <p className="text-xs text-gray-500 mt-1">{t.sidebar.subtitle}</p>
             </div>
             <button
               onClick={onToggleCollapse}
@@ -156,7 +159,7 @@ export default function LeftSidebar({
             </button>
           </div>
 
-          <div className="mb-2">
+          <div className="mb-2" id="sidebar-upload-area">
             <div
               onDragOver={handleDragOver}
               onDragLeave={handleDragLeave}
@@ -181,18 +184,19 @@ export default function LeftSidebar({
               <div className="w-12 h-12 bg-gray-100 text-gray-600 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mx-auto mb-3 group-hover:scale-110 transition-transform">
                 <Upload size={24} />
               </div>
-              <div className="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 mt-2 text-xs text-gray-400">
+              <p className="text-xs text-gray-500 mb-2">{t.sidebar.uploadInstruction}</p>
+              <div className="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 text-xs text-gray-400">
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
                   <MousePointerClick className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
-                  <span>Click</span>
+                  <span>{t.common.click}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
                   <FileUp className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
-                  <span>Drop</span>
+                  <span>{t.common.drop}</span>
                 </div>
                 <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
                   <ClipboardPaste className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
-                  <span>Paste</span>
+                  <span>{t.common.paste}</span>
                 </div>
               </div>
             </div>
@@ -200,10 +204,10 @@ export default function LeftSidebar({
         </div>
 
         {/* Middle Area: History */}
-        <div className="flex-1 overflow-hidden flex flex-col px-4">
+        <div className="flex-1 overflow-hidden flex flex-col px-4" id="sidebar-history">
           <div className="flex items-center gap-2 text-xs font-semibold text-gray-500 uppercase tracking-wider mb-3 px-2">
             <Clock size={14} />
-            <span>History</span>
+            <span>{t.sidebar.historyHeader}</span>
           </div>
 
           <div
@@ -214,12 +218,12 @@ export default function LeftSidebar({
             {!user ? (
               <div className="text-center py-12 text-gray-400 text-sm">
                 <div className="mb-2 opacity-50"><FileText size={40} className="mx-auto" /></div>
-                Please login to view history
+                {t.sidebar.pleaseLogin}
               </div>
             ) : files.length === 0 ? (
               <div className="text-center py-12 text-gray-400 text-sm">
                 <div className="mb-2 opacity-50"><FileText size={40} className="mx-auto" /></div>
-                No history records
+                {t.sidebar.noHistory}
               </div>
             ) : (
               <>
@@ -256,13 +260,13 @@ export default function LeftSidebar({
                 {loadingMore && (
                   <div className="flex items-center justify-center py-3 text-gray-400">
                     <Loader2 size={18} className="animate-spin" />
-                    <span className="ml-2 text-xs">Loading...</span>
+                    <span className="ml-2 text-xs">{t.common.loading}</span>
                   </div>
                 )}
                 {/* End of list indicator */}
                 {!hasMore && files.length > 0 && (
                   <div className="text-center py-3 text-xs text-gray-400">
-                    No more records
+                    {t.sidebar.noMore}
                   </div>
                 )}
               </>
@@ -285,7 +289,7 @@ export default function LeftSidebar({
               <button
                 onClick={() => signOut()}
                 className="p-1.5 text-gray-400 hover:text-red-500 hover:bg-red-50 rounded-md transition-colors"
-                title="Logout"
+                title={t.common.logout}
               >
                 <LogOut size={16} />
               </button>
@@ -296,7 +300,7 @@ export default function LeftSidebar({
               className="w-full py-2.5 px-4 bg-gray-900 text-white rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-800 transition-colors flex items-center justify-center gap-2 text-sm font-medium shadow-lg shadow-gray-900/10"
             >
               <LogIn size={18} />
-              Login / Register
+              {t.common.login}
             </button>
           )}
         </div>

src/components/Navbar.tsx

@@ -1,11 +1,15 @@
 import { useState, useRef, useEffect } from 'react';
-import { Mail, Users, MessageCircle, ChevronDown, Check, Heart, X } from 'lucide-react';
+import { Mail, Users, MessageCircle, ChevronDown, Check, Heart, X, Languages, HelpCircle } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useLanguage } from '../contexts/LanguageContext';
 
 export default function Navbar() {
+  const { language, setLanguage, t } = useLanguage();
   const [showContact, setShowContact] = useState(false);
   const [showReward, setShowReward] = useState(false);
+  const [showLangMenu, setShowLangMenu] = useState(false);
   const [copied, setCopied] = useState(false);
   const dropdownRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
+  const langMenuRef = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null);
 
   const handleCopyQQ = async () => {
     await navigator.clipboard.writeText('1018282100');
@@ -19,6 +23,9 @@ export default function Navbar() {
       if (dropdownRef.current && !dropdownRef.current.contains(event.target as Node)) {
         setShowContact(false);
       }
+      if (langMenuRef.current && !langMenuRef.current.contains(event.target as Node)) {
+        setShowLangMenu(false);
+      }
     };
 
     document.addEventListener('mousedown', handleClickOutside);
@@ -37,8 +44,59 @@ export default function Navbar() {
         </span>
       </div>
 
-      {/* Right: Reward & Contact Buttons */}
+      {/* Right: Actions */}
       <div className="flex items-center gap-3">
+        {/* Language Switcher */}
+        <div className="relative" ref={langMenuRef}>
+          <button
+            onClick={() => setShowLangMenu(!showLangMenu)}
+            className="flex items-center gap-2 px-3 py-2 hover:bg-gray-100 rounded-lg text-gray-700 text-sm font-medium transition-colors"
+            title="Switch Language"
+          >
+            <Languages size={18} />
+            <span className="hidden sm:inline">{language === 'en' ? 'English' : '简体中文'}</span>
+            <ChevronDown size={14} className={`transition-transform duration-200 ${showLangMenu ? 'rotate-180' : ''}`} />
+          </button>
+
+          {showLangMenu && (
+            <div className="absolute right-0 top-full mt-2 w-32 bg-white rounded-xl shadow-lg border border-gray-200 py-1 z-50 animate-in fade-in slide-in-from-top-2 duration-200">
+              <button
+                onClick={() => {
+                  setLanguage('en');
+                  setShowLangMenu(false);
+                }}
+                className={`w-full flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2 text-sm transition-colors hover:bg-gray-50 ${language === 'en' ? 'text-blue-600 font-medium' : 'text-gray-700'}`}
+              >
+                English
+                {language === 'en' && <Check size={14} />}
+              </button>
+              <button
+                onClick={() => {
+                  setLanguage('zh');
+                  setShowLangMenu(false);
+                }}
+                className={`w-full flex items-center justify-between px-4 py-2 text-sm transition-colors hover:bg-gray-50 ${language === 'zh' ? 'text-blue-600 font-medium' : 'text-gray-700'}`}
+              >
+                简体中文
+                {language === 'zh' && <Check size={14} />}
+              </button>
+            </div>
+          )}
+        </div>
+
+        {/* User Guide Button */}
+        <button
+          id="guide-button"
+          className="flex items-center gap-2 px-3 py-2 hover:bg-gray-100 rounded-lg text-gray-700 text-sm font-medium transition-colors"
+          onClick={() => {
+            // This will be handled in App.tsx via a custom event or shared state
+            window.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('start-user-guide'));
+          }}
+        >
+          <HelpCircle size={18} />
+          <span className="hidden sm:inline">{t.common.guide}</span>
+        </button>
+
         {/* Reward Button */}
         <div className="relative">
           <button
@@ -46,7 +104,7 @@ export default function Navbar() {
             className="flex items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 bg-gradient-to-r from-rose-500 to-pink-500 hover:from-rose-600 hover:to-pink-600 rounded-lg text-white text-sm font-medium transition-all shadow-sm hover:shadow-md"
           >
             <Heart size={14} className="fill-white" />
-            <span>赞赏</span>
+            <span>{t.common.reward}</span>
           </button>
 
           {/* Reward Modal */}
@@ -60,7 +118,7 @@ export default function Navbar() {
                 onClick={e => e.stopPropagation()}
               >
                 <div className="flex items-center justify-between mb-4">
-                  <span className="text-lg font-bold text-gray-900">微信赞赏码</span>
+                  <span className="text-lg font-bold text-gray-900">{t.navbar.rewardTitle}</span>
                   <button
                     onClick={() => setShowReward(false)}
                     className="p-2 hover:bg-gray-100 rounded-lg transition-colors"
@@ -71,12 +129,12 @@ export default function Navbar() {
                 <div className="flex flex-col items-center">
                   <img
                     src="https://cdn.texpixel.com/public/rewardcode.png"
-                    alt="微信赞赏码"
+                    alt={t.navbar.rewardTitle}
                     className="w-64 h-64 object-contain rounded-lg shadow-sm"
                   />
                   <p className="text-sm text-gray-500 text-center mt-4">
-                    感谢您的支持与鼓励 ❤️<br />
+                    {t.navbar.rewardThanks}<br />
-                    <span className="text-xs text-gray-400 mt-1 block">您的支持是我们持续更新的动力</span>
+                    <span className="text-xs text-gray-400 mt-1 block">{t.navbar.rewardSubtitle}</span>
                   </p>
                 </div>
               </div>
@@ -91,7 +149,7 @@ export default function Navbar() {
             className="flex items-center gap-2 px-4 py-2 bg-gray-100 hover:bg-gray-200 rounded-lg text-gray-700 text-sm font-medium transition-colors"
           >
             <MessageCircle size={14} />
-            <span>Contact Us</span>
+            <span>{t.common.contactUs}</span>
             <ChevronDown
               size={14}
               className={`transition-transform duration-200 ${showContact ? 'rotate-180' : ''}`}
@@ -109,7 +167,7 @@ export default function Navbar() {
                   <Mail size={16} className="text-blue-600" />
                 </div>
                 <div>
-                  <div className="text-xs text-gray-500">Email</div>
+                  <div className="text-xs text-gray-500">{t.common.email}</div>
                   <div className="text-sm font-medium text-gray-900">yogecoder@gmail.com</div>
                 </div>
               </a>
@@ -126,7 +184,7 @@ export default function Navbar() {
                 </div>
                 <div>
                   <div className={`text-xs transition-colors ${copied ? 'text-green-600 font-medium' : 'text-gray-500'}`}>
-                    {copied ? 'Copied!' : 'QQ Group (Click to Copy)'}
+                    {copied ? t.common.copied : t.common.qqGroup}
                   </div>
                   <div className="text-sm font-medium text-gray-900">1018282100</div>
                 </div>

src/components/ResultPanel.tsx

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import rehypeKatex from 'rehype-katex';
 import 'katex/dist/katex.min.css';
 import { RecognitionResult } from '../types';
 import ExportSidebar from './ExportSidebar';
+import { useLanguage } from '../contexts/LanguageContext';
 
 interface ResultPanelProps {
   result: RecognitionResult | null;
@@ -67,6 +68,7 @@ function preprocessLatex(content: string): string {
 }
 
 export default function ResultPanel({ result, fileStatus }: ResultPanelProps) {
+  const { t } = useLanguage();
   const [isExportSidebarOpen, setIsExportSidebarOpen] = useState(false);
 
   if (!result) {
@@ -75,44 +77,45 @@ export default function ResultPanel({ result, fileStatus }: ResultPanelProps) {
         <div className="h-full flex flex-col items-center justify-center bg-white text-center p-8">
           <div className="w-16 h-16 border-4 border-blue-600 border-t-transparent rounded-full animate-spin mb-6"></div>
           <h3 className="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-900 mb-2">
-            {fileStatus === 'pending' ? 'Waiting in queue...' : 'Analyzing...'}
+            {fileStatus === 'pending' ? t.resultPanel.waitingQueue : t.resultPanel.analyzing}
           </h3>
           <p className="text-gray-500 max-w-sm">
             {fileStatus === 'pending'
-              ? 'Your file is in the queue, please wait.'
+              ? t.resultPanel.queueSubtitle
-              : 'Texpixel is processing your file, this may take a moment.'}
+              : t.resultPanel.processingSubtitle}
           </p>
         </div>
       );
     }
 
     return (
-      <div className="h-full flex flex-col items-center justify-center bg-white text-center p-8">
+      <div className="h-full flex flex-col items-center justify-center bg-white text-center p-8" id="result-empty-state">
         <div className="w-32 h-32 bg-gray-100 rounded-full flex items-center justify-center mb-6 shadow-inner">
           <Code2 size={48} className="text-gray-900" />
         </div>
-        <h3 className="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-900 mb-2">Waiting for recognition result</h3>
+        <h3 className="text-xl font-semibold text-gray-900 mb-2">{t.resultPanel.waitingTitle}</h3>
         <p className="text-gray-500 max-w-sm">
-          After uploading the file, Texpixel will automatically recognize and display the result here
+          {t.resultPanel.waitingSubtitle}
         </p>
       </div>
     );
   }
 
   return (
-    <div className="flex flex-col h-full bg-white relative overflow-hidden">
+    <div className="flex flex-col h-full bg-white relative overflow-hidden" id="result-panel-content">
       {/* Top Header */}
       <div className="h-16 px-6 border-b border-gray-200 flex items-center justify-between bg-white shrink-0 z-10">
         <div className="flex items-center gap-4">
-          <h2 className="text-lg font-bold text-gray-900">Markdown</h2>
+          <h2 className="text-lg font-bold text-gray-900">{t.resultPanel.markdown}</h2>
         </div>
 
         <button
+          id="export-button"
           onClick={() => setIsExportSidebarOpen(true)}
           className={`px-4 py-2 bg-gray-900 text-white text-sm font-medium rounded-lg hover:bg-gray-800 transition-colors flex items-center gap-2 shadow-sm ${isExportSidebarOpen ? 'opacity-0 pointer-events-none' : ''}`}
         >
           <Download size={16} />
-          Export
+          {t.common.export}
         </button>
       </div>
 

src/components/UploadModal.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { useCallback, useState, useEffect, useRef } from 'react';
 import { Upload, X, MousePointerClick, FileUp, ClipboardPaste } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useLanguage } from '../contexts/LanguageContext';
 
 interface UploadModalProps {
   onClose: () => void;
@@ -7,6 +8,7 @@ interface UploadModalProps {
 }
 
 export default function UploadModal({ onClose, onUpload }: UploadModalProps) {
+  const { t } = useLanguage();
   const [dragActive, setDragActive] = useState(false);
   const fileInputRef = useRef<HTMLInputElement>(null);
 
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ export default function UploadModal({ onClose, onUpload }: UploadModalProps) {
     <div className="fixed inset-0 bg-black bg-opacity-50 flex items-center justify-center z-50 p-4">
       <div className="bg-white rounded-xl shadow-xl max-w-2xl w-full p-6">
         <div className="flex justify-between items-center mb-6">
-          <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900">上传文件</h2>
+          <h2 className="text-2xl font-bold text-gray-900">{t.uploadModal.title}</h2>
           <button
             onClick={onClose}
             className="p-2 hover:bg-gray-100 rounded-lg transition-colors"
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ export default function UploadModal({ onClose, onUpload }: UploadModalProps) {
             <Upload size={32} />
           </div>
 
+          <p className="text-sm text-gray-600 mb-1">{t.sidebar.uploadInstruction}</p>
           <input
             ref={fileInputRef}
             type="file"
@@ -108,22 +111,22 @@ export default function UploadModal({ onClose, onUpload }: UploadModalProps) {
             className="hidden"
           />
 
-          <p className="text-xs text-gray-500 mt-4">
+          <p className="text-xs text-gray-500 mb-4">
-            Support JPG, PNG format
+            {t.uploadModal.supportFormats}
           </p>
 
           <div className="flex items-center justify-center gap-4 mt-6 text-xs text-gray-400">
             <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
               <MousePointerClick className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
-              <span>Click</span>
+              <span>{t.common.click}</span>
             </div>
             <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
               <FileUp className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
-              <span>Drop</span>
+              <span>{t.common.drop}</span>
             </div>
             <div className="flex items-center gap-1">
               <ClipboardPaste className="w-3.5 h-3.5" />
-              <span>Paste</span>
+              <span>{t.common.paste}</span>
             </div>
           </div>
         </div>

src/components/UserGuide.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+import React, { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
+import { X, ChevronRight, ChevronLeft } from 'lucide-react';
+import { useLanguage } from '../contexts/LanguageContext';
+
+interface Step {
+  id: string;
+  title: string;
+  content: string;
+  position: 'top' | 'bottom' | 'left' | 'right';
+}
+
+export default function UserGuide({ isOpen, onClose }: { isOpen: boolean; onClose: () => void }) {
+  const { t } = useLanguage();
+  const [currentStep, setCurrentStep] = useState(0);
+  const [highlightStyle, setHighlightStyle] = useState<React.CSSProperties>({});
+
+  const steps: Step[] = [
+    {
+      id: 'sidebar-upload-area',
+      title: t.guide.step1Title,
+      content: t.guide.step1Content,
+      position: 'right',
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'sidebar-history',
+      title: t.guide.step2Title,
+      content: t.guide.step2Content,
+      position: 'right',
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'file-preview-empty',
+      title: t.guide.step3Title,
+      content: t.guide.step3Content,
+      position: 'right',
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'result-empty-state',
+      title: t.guide.step4Title,
+      content: t.guide.step4Content,
+      position: 'left',
+    },
+    {
+      id: 'export-button',
+      title: t.guide.stepExportTitle,
+      content: t.guide.stepExportContent,
+      position: 'left',
+    },
+  ];
+
+  const updateHighlight = useCallback(() => {
+    if (!isOpen || steps.length === 0) return;
+
+    const element = document.getElementById(steps[currentStep].id);
+    if (element) {
+      const rect = element.getBoundingClientRect();
+      setHighlightStyle({
+        top: rect.top - 8,
+        left: rect.left - 8,
+        width: rect.width + 16,
+        height: rect.height + 16,
+        opacity: 1,
+      });
+      element.scrollIntoView({ behavior: 'smooth', block: 'center' });
+    } else {
+      setHighlightStyle({ opacity: 0 });
+    }
+  }, [currentStep, isOpen, steps, t.guide]);
+
+  useEffect(() => {
+    if (isOpen) {
+      updateHighlight();
+      window.addEventListener('resize', updateHighlight);
+    }
+    return () => window.removeEventListener('resize', updateHighlight);
+  }, [isOpen, updateHighlight]);
+
+  if (!isOpen) return null;
+
+  const handleNext = () => {
+    if (currentStep < steps.length - 1) {
+      setCurrentStep(currentStep + 1);
+    } else {
+      onClose();
+      setCurrentStep(0);
+    }
+  };
+
+  const handlePrev = () => {
+    if (currentStep > 0) {
+      setCurrentStep(currentStep - 1);
+    }
+  };
+
+  return (
+    <div className="fixed inset-0 z-[100] pointer-events-none">
+      {/* Backdrop with hole */}
+      <div className="absolute inset-0 bg-black/60 pointer-events-auto" onClick={onClose} style={{
+        clipPath: highlightStyle.top !== undefined ? `polygon(
+          0% 0%, 0% 100%, 
+          ${highlightStyle.left}px 100%, 
+          ${highlightStyle.left}px ${highlightStyle.top}px, 
+          ${(highlightStyle.left as number) + (highlightStyle.width as number)}px ${highlightStyle.top}px, 
+          ${(highlightStyle.left as number) + (highlightStyle.width as number)}px ${(highlightStyle.top as number) + (highlightStyle.height as number)}px, 
+          ${highlightStyle.left}px ${(highlightStyle.top as number) + (highlightStyle.height as number)}px, 
+          ${highlightStyle.left}px 100%, 
+          100% 100%, 100% 0%
+        )` : 'none'
+      }} />
+
+      {/* Highlight border */}
+      <div
+        className="absolute border-2 border-blue-500 rounded-xl transition-all duration-300 shadow-[0_0_0_9999px_rgba(0,0,0,0.5)]"
+        style={highlightStyle}
+      />
+
+      {/* Tooltip */}
+      <div
+        className="absolute pointer-events-auto bg-white rounded-xl shadow-2xl p-6 w-80 transition-all duration-300 animate-in fade-in zoom-in-95"
+        style={highlightStyle.top !== undefined ? {
+          top: steps[currentStep].position === 'bottom' 
+            ? (highlightStyle.top as number) + (highlightStyle.height as number) + 16 
+            : steps[currentStep].position === 'top'
+            ? (highlightStyle.top as number) - 200 // approximation
+            : (highlightStyle.top as number),
+          left: steps[currentStep].position === 'right'
+            ? (highlightStyle.left as number) + (highlightStyle.width as number) + 16
+            : steps[currentStep].position === 'left'
+            ? (highlightStyle.left as number) - 336
+            : (highlightStyle.left as number),
+        } : {
+          top: '50%',
+          left: '50%',
+          transform: 'translate(-50%, -50%)',
+        }}
+      >
+        <button
+          onClick={onClose}
+          className="absolute top-4 right-4 text-gray-400 hover:text-gray-600"
+        >
+          <X size={18} />
+        </button>
+        
+        <div className="mb-4">
+          <span className="text-xs font-bold text-blue-600 uppercase tracking-wider">
+            Step {currentStep + 1} of {steps.length}
+          </span>
+          <h3 className="text-lg font-bold text-gray-900 mt-1">{steps[currentStep].title}</h3>
+          <p className="text-sm text-gray-600 mt-2 leading-relaxed">
+            {steps[currentStep].content}
+          </p>
+        </div>
+
+        <div className="flex items-center justify-between mt-6">
+          <button
+            onClick={handlePrev}
+            disabled={currentStep === 0}
+            className={`flex items-center gap-1 text-sm font-medium ${currentStep === 0 ? 'text-gray-300 cursor-not-allowed' : 'text-gray-600 hover:text-gray-900'}`}
+          >
+            <ChevronLeft size={16} />
+            {t.guide.prev}
+          </button>
+          
+          <button
+            onClick={handleNext}
+            className="px-4 py-2 bg-blue-600 text-white text-sm font-medium rounded-lg hover:bg-blue-700 transition-colors flex items-center gap-1"
+          >
+            {currentStep === steps.length - 1 ? t.guide.finish : t.guide.next}
+            {currentStep < steps.length - 1 && <ChevronRight size={16} />}
+          </button>
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  );
+}

src/contexts/LanguageContext.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+import React, { createContext, useContext, useState, useEffect } from 'react';
+import { translations, Language, TranslationKey } from '../lib/translations';
+import { detectLanguageByIP } from '../lib/ipLocation';
+import { updatePageMeta } from '../lib/seoHelper';
+
+interface LanguageContextType {
+  language: Language;
+  setLanguage: (lang: Language) => void;
+  t: TranslationKey;
+}
+
+const LanguageContext = createContext<LanguageContextType | undefined>(undefined);
+
+export const LanguageProvider: React.FC<{ children: React.ReactNode }> = ({ children }) => {
+  // 初始化语言：优先使用 localStorage，否则使用浏览器语言作为临时值
+  const [language, setLanguageState] = useState<Language>(() => {
+    const saved = localStorage.getItem('language');
+    if (saved === 'en' || saved === 'zh') return saved;
+    // 临时使用浏览器语言，后续会被IP检测覆盖（如果没有保存的语言）
+    return navigator.language.startsWith('zh') ? 'zh' : 'en';
+  });
+
+  // 检测IP地理位置并设置语言（仅在首次加载且没有保存的语言时）
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const saved = localStorage.getItem('language');
+    
+    // 如果用户已经手动选择过语言，则不进行IP检测
+    if (saved === 'en' || saved === 'zh') {
+      updatePageMeta(saved); // Update meta tags on initial load
+      return;
+    }
+
+    // 异步检测IP并设置语言
+    detectLanguageByIP()
+      .then((detectedLang) => {
+        setLanguageState(detectedLang);
+        updatePageMeta(detectedLang); // Update meta tags after detection
+        // 注意：这里不保存到 localStorage，让用户首次访问时使用IP检测的结果
+        // 如果用户手动切换语言，才会保存到 localStorage
+      })
+      .catch((error) => {
+        // IP检测失败时，保持使用浏览器语言检测的结果
+        console.warn('Failed to detect language by IP:', error);
+        updatePageMeta(language); // Update with fallback language
+      });
+  }, []); // 仅在组件挂载时执行一次
+
+  const setLanguage = (lang: Language) => {
+    setLanguageState(lang);
+    localStorage.setItem('language', lang);
+    updatePageMeta(lang); // Update page metadata when language changes
+  };
+
+  const t = translations[language];
+
+  return (
+    <LanguageContext.Provider value={{ language, setLanguage, t }}>
+      {children}
+    </LanguageContext.Provider>
+  );
+};
+
+export const useLanguage = () => {
+  const context = useContext(LanguageContext);
+  if (context === undefined) {
+    throw new Error('useLanguage must be used within a LanguageProvider');
+  }
+  return context;
+};

src/lib/analytics.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+import http from './api';
+
+interface AnalyticsPayload {
+  task_no: string;
+  event_name: string;
+  properties: Record<string, any>;
+  meta_data?: Record<string, any>;
+  device_info: {
+    ip: string;
+    "use-agent": string;
+    browser: string;
+  };
+}
+
+export const trackExportEvent = (
+  taskNo: string,
+  selectedOption: string,
+  availableOptions: string[]
+) => {
+  try {
+    const payload: AnalyticsPayload = {
+      task_no: taskNo,
+      event_name: 'export_selected_event',
+      properties: {
+        option: availableOptions,
+        selected: selectedOption
+      },
+      meta_data: {
+        task_no: taskNo
+      },
+      device_info: {
+        ip: '',
+        "use-agent": navigator.userAgent,
+        browser: getBrowserName()
+      }
+    };
+
+    // Fire and forget - do not await
+    http.post('/analytics/track', payload).catch(err => {
+      // Silently ignore errors to not block business flow
+      console.debug('Analytics tracking failed:', err);
+    });
+  } catch (error) {
+    console.debug('Analytics error:', error);
+  }
+};
+
+function getBrowserName(): string {
+  const userAgent = navigator.userAgent;
+  if (userAgent.match(/chrome|chromium|crios/i)) {
+    return "Chrome";
+  } else if (userAgent.match(/firefox|fxios/i)) {
+    return "Firefox";
+  } else if (userAgent.match(/safari/i)) {
+    return "Safari";
+  } else if (userAgent.match(/opr\//i)) {
+    return "Opera";
+  } else if (userAgent.match(/edg/i)) {
+    return "Edge";
+  } else {
+    return "Unknown";
+  }
+}

src/lib/imageGenerator.ts

@@ -63,54 +63,6 @@ function renderLatexToHtml(latex: string, fontSize: number): string {
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * Renders Markdown with LaTeX to HTML
- * For complex Markdown, we extract and render math blocks separately
- */
-function renderMarkdownToHtml(markdown: string, fontSize: number): string {
-  // Simple approach: extract LaTeX blocks and render them
-  // For full Markdown support, you'd use a Markdown parser
-  
-  let html = markdown;
-  
-  // Replace display math $$ ... $$
-  html = html.replace(/\$\$([\s\S]*?)\$\$/g, (_, latex) => {
-    try {
-      return `<div class="math-block">${katex.renderToString(latex.trim(), {
-        throwOnError: false,
-        displayMode: true,
-        output: 'html',
-        strict: false,
-      })}</div>`;
-    } catch {
-      return `<div class="math-block" style="color: red;">Error: ${latex}</div>`;
-    }
-  });
-  
-  // Replace inline math $ ... $
-  html = html.replace(/\$([^$\n]+)\$/g, (_, latex) => {
-    try {
-      return katex.renderToString(latex.trim(), {
-        throwOnError: false,
-        displayMode: false,
-        output: 'html',
-        strict: false,
-      });
-    } catch {
-      return `<span style="color: red;">Error: ${latex}</span>`;
-    }
-  });
-  
-  // Basic Markdown: newlines to <br>
-  html = html.replace(/\n/g, '<br>');
-  
-  return `
-    <div style="font-size: ${fontSize}px; line-height: 1.8; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, sans-serif;">
-      ${html}
-    </div>
-  `;
-}
-
 /**
  * Waits for all KaTeX fonts to be loaded
  */

src/lib/ipLocation.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+/**
+ * IP 地理位置检测工具
+ * 用于根据用户IP地址判断语言偏好
+ */
+
+interface IPLocationResponse {
+  country_code?: string;
+  country?: string;
+  error?: boolean;
+}
+
+/**
+ * 根据IP地址检测用户所在国家/地区
+ * 使用免费的 ipapi.co 服务（无需API key）
+ * 
+ * @returns Promise<string | null> 返回国家代码（如 'CN', 'US'），失败返回 null
+ */
+export async function detectCountryByIP(): Promise<string | null> {
+  try {
+    // 使用 ipapi.co 免费服务（无需API key，有速率限制但足够使用）
+    const response = await fetch('https://ipapi.co/json/', {
+      method: 'GET',
+      headers: {
+        'Accept': 'application/json',
+      },
+    });
+
+    if (!response.ok) {
+      console.warn('IP location detection failed:', response.status);
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    const data: IPLocationResponse = await response.json();
+    
+    if (data.error || !data.country_code) {
+      return null;
+    }
+
+    return data.country_code.toUpperCase();
+  } catch (error) {
+    // 静默失败，不影响用户体验
+    console.warn('IP location detection error:', error);
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * 根据国家代码判断应该使用的语言
+ * 
+ * @param countryCode 国家代码（如 'CN', 'TW', 'HK', 'SG' 等）
+ * @returns 'zh' | 'en' 推荐的语言
+ */
+export function getLanguageByCountry(countryCode: string | null): 'zh' | 'en' {
+  if (!countryCode) {
+    return 'en';
+  }
+
+  // 中文地区列表
+  const chineseRegions = [
+    'CN', // 中国大陆
+    'TW', // 台湾
+    'HK', // 香港
+    'MO', // 澳门
+    'SG', // 新加坡（主要使用中文）
+  ];
+
+  return chineseRegions.includes(countryCode) ? 'zh' : 'en';
+}
+
+/**
+ * 检测用户IP并返回推荐语言
+ * 
+ * @returns Promise<'zh' | 'en'> 推荐的语言
+ */
+export async function detectLanguageByIP(): Promise<'zh' | 'en'> {
+  const countryCode = await detectCountryByIP();
+  return getLanguageByCountry(countryCode);
+}

src/lib/mockService.ts

@@ -93,16 +93,35 @@ Where:
     </mfrac>
   </mrow>
 </math>`,
-      mathml_word_content: `<m:oMath xmlns:m="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/officeDocument/2006/math">
+      mml: `<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block">
-  <m:f>
+  <mml:mrow>
-    <m:num>
+    <mml:mi>x</mml:mi>
-      <m:r><m:t>-b ± √(b²-4ac)</m:t></m:r>
+    <mml:mo>=</mml:mo>
-    </m:num>
+    <mml:mfrac>
-    <m:den>
+      <mml:mrow>
-      <m:r><m:t>2a</m:t></m:r>
+        <mml:mo>-</mml:mo>
-    </m:den>
+        <mml:mi>b</mml:mi>
-  </m:f>
+        <mml:mo>±</mml:mo>
-</m:oMath>`,
+        <mml:msqrt>
+          <mml:mrow>
+            <mml:msup>
+              <mml:mi>b</mml:mi>
+              <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
+            </mml:msup>
+            <mml:mo>-</mml:mo>
+            <mml:mn>4</mml:mn>
+            <mml:mi>a</mml:mi>
+            <mml:mi>c</mml:mi>
+          </mml:mrow>
+        </mml:msqrt>
+      </mml:mrow>
+      <mml:mrow>
+        <mml:mn>2</mml:mn>
+        <mml:mi>a</mml:mi>
+      </mml:mrow>
+    </mml:mfrac>
+  </mml:mrow>
+</mml:math>`,
       rendered_image_path: 'https://images.pexels.com/photos/3729557/pexels-photo-3729557.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=800',
       created_at: new Date().toISOString(),
     };
@@ -161,7 +180,7 @@ Where:
       markdown_content: `# Analysis for ${filename}\n\nThis is a mock analysis result generated for the uploaded file.\n\n$$ E = mc^2 $$\n\nDetected content matches widely known physics formulas.`,
       latex_content: `\\documentclass{article}\n\\begin{document}\nSection{${filename}}\n\n\\[ E = mc^2 \\]\n\n\\end{document}`,
       mathml_content: `<math><mi>E</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>m</mi><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math>`,
-      mathml_word_content: `<m:oMath><m:r><m:t>E=mc^2</m:t></m:r></m:oMath>`,
+      mml: `<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mi>E</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mi>m</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>c</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>`,
       rendered_image_path: 'https://images.pexels.com/photos/3729557/pexels-photo-3729557.jpeg?auto=compress&cs=tinysrgb&w=800', // Placeholder
       created_at: new Date().toISOString(),
     };

src/lib/seoHelper.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+import { Language } from './translations';
+
+interface SEOContent {
+  title: string;
+  description: string;
+  keywords: string;
+}
+
+const seoContent: Record<Language, SEOContent> = {
+  zh: {
+    title: '⚡️ TexPixel - 公式识别工具',
+    description: '在线公式识别工具，支持印刷体和手写体数学公式识别，快速准确地将图片中的数学公式转换为可编辑文本。',
+    keywords: '公式识别,数学公式,OCR,手写公式识别,印刷体识别,AI识别,数学工具,免费,混合文字识别,texpixel,TexPixel',
+  },
+  en: {
+    title: '⚡️ TexPixel - Formula Recognition Tool',
+    description: 'Online formula recognition tool supporting printed and handwritten math formulas. Convert images to LaTeX, MathML, and Markdown quickly and accurately.',
+    keywords: 'formula recognition,math formula,OCR,handwriting recognition,latex,mathml,markdown,AI recognition,math tool,free,texpixel,TexPixel,document recognition',
+  },
+};
+
+/**
+ * Update document metadata based on current language
+ */
+export function updatePageMeta(language: Language): void {
+  const content = seoContent[language];
+  
+  // Update title
+  document.title = content.title;
+  
+  // Update HTML lang attribute
+  document.documentElement.lang = language === 'zh' ? 'zh-CN' : 'en';
+  
+  // Update meta description
+  const metaDescription = document.querySelector('meta[name="description"]');
+  if (metaDescription) {
+    metaDescription.setAttribute('content', content.description);
+  }
+  
+  // Update meta keywords
+  const metaKeywords = document.querySelector('meta[name="keywords"]');
+  if (metaKeywords) {
+    metaKeywords.setAttribute('content', content.keywords);
+  }
+  
+  // Update Open Graph meta tags
+  const ogTitle = document.querySelector('meta[property="og:title"]');
+  if (ogTitle) {
+    ogTitle.setAttribute('content', content.title);
+  }
+  
+  const ogDescription = document.querySelector('meta[property="og:description"]');
+  if (ogDescription) {
+    ogDescription.setAttribute('content', content.description);
+  }
+  
+  // Update Twitter Card meta tags
+  const twitterTitle = document.querySelector('meta[name="twitter:title"]');
+  if (twitterTitle) {
+    twitterTitle.setAttribute('content', content.title);
+  }
+  
+  const twitterDescription = document.querySelector('meta[name="twitter:description"]');
+  if (twitterDescription) {
+    twitterDescription.setAttribute('content', content.description);
+  }
+  
+  // Update og:locale
+  const ogLocale = document.querySelector('meta[property="og:locale"]');
+  if (ogLocale) {
+    ogLocale.setAttribute('content', language === 'zh' ? 'zh_CN' : 'en_US');
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get SEO content for a specific language
+ */
+export function getSEOContent(language: Language): SEOContent {
+  return seoContent[language];
+}

src/lib/supabase.ts

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ export type Database = {
           markdown_content: string | null;
           latex_content: string | null;
           mathml_content: string | null;
-          mathml_word_content: string | null;
+          mml: string | null;
           rendered_image_path: string | null;
           created_at: string;
         };
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ export type Database = {
           markdown_content?: string | null;
           latex_content?: string | null;
           mathml_content?: string | null;
-          mathml_word_content?: string | null;
+          mml?: string | null;
           rendered_image_path?: string | null;
           created_at?: string;
         };
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ export type Database = {
           markdown_content?: string | null;
           latex_content?: string | null;
           mathml_content?: string | null;
-          mathml_word_content?: string | null;
+          mml?: string | null;
           rendered_image_path?: string | null;
           created_at?: string;
         };

src/lib/translations.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,197 @@
+export const translations = {
+  en: {
+    common: {
+      upload: 'Upload',
+      history: 'History',
+      login: 'Login / Register',
+      logout: 'Logout',
+      loading: 'Loading...',
+      processing: 'Processing...',
+      cancel: 'Cancel',
+      copy: 'Copy',
+      copied: 'Copied!',
+      download: 'Download',
+      export: 'Export',
+      preview: 'Preview',
+      email: 'Email',
+      contactUs: 'Contact Us',
+      reward: 'Reward',
+      qqGroup: 'QQ Group (Click to Copy)',
+      guide: 'User Guide',
+      click: 'Click',
+      drop: 'Drop',
+      paste: 'Paste',
+    },
+    navbar: {
+      rewardTitle: 'WeChat Reward',
+      rewardThanks: 'Thank you for your support and encouragement ❤️',
+      rewardSubtitle: 'Your support is our motivation for continuous updates',
+    },
+    sidebar: {
+      title: 'Formula Recognize',
+      subtitle: 'Support handwriting and printed formulas',
+      uploadInstruction: 'Click, Drop, or Paste a file to start parsing',
+      pleaseLogin: 'Please login to view history',
+      noHistory: 'No history records',
+      noMore: 'No more records',
+      historyHeader: 'History',
+    },
+    uploadModal: {
+      title: 'Upload File',
+      supportFormats: 'Support JPG, PNG, PDF format',
+    },
+    resultPanel: {
+      waitingTitle: 'Waiting for recognition result',
+      waitingSubtitle: 'After uploading the file, Texpixel will automatically recognize and display the result here',
+      analyzing: 'Analyzing...',
+      waitingQueue: 'Waiting in queue...',
+      queueSubtitle: 'Your file is in the queue, please wait.',
+      processingSubtitle: 'Texpixel is processing your file, this may take a moment.',
+      markdown: 'Markdown',
+    },
+    auth: {
+      signIn: 'Login',
+      signUp: 'Register',
+      signInTitle: 'Login Account',
+      signUpTitle: 'Register Account',
+      email: 'Email',
+      password: 'Password',
+      error: 'Error',
+      genericError: 'An error occurred, please try again',
+      hasAccount: 'Already have an account? Login',
+      noAccount: 'No account? Register',
+    },
+    export: {
+      title: 'Export',
+      categories: {
+        code: 'Code',
+        image: 'Image',
+        file: 'File',
+      },
+      failed: 'Export failed, please try again',
+      imageFailed: 'Failed to generate image',
+      noContent: 'Mixed text and formulas do not support LaTeX/MathML export. Please download DOCX format instead.',
+      noContentShort: 'Not supported for mixed content',
+    },
+    guide: {
+      next: 'Next',
+      prev: 'Back',
+      finish: 'Finish',
+      skip: 'Skip',
+      step1Title: 'Upload Area',
+      step1Content: 'Click or drag and drop your formula images/PDFs here to start recognition.',
+      step2Title: 'File History',
+      step2Content: 'Your recognized files will appear here. Login to sync across devices.',
+      step3Title: 'Preview Area',
+      step3Content: 'The original file you uploaded will be displayed here for comparison.',
+      step4Title: 'Recognition Result',
+      step4Content: 'The recognition results (Markdown/LaTeX) will be shown here.',
+      stepExportTitle: 'Export Result',
+      stepExportContent: 'You can export the recognition results to various formats such as Markdown, LaTeX, Word, or Image.',
+    },
+    alerts: {
+      taskTimeout: 'Task timeout: Recognition took too long.',
+      networkError: 'Task timeout or network error.',
+      uploadFailed: 'Upload failed',
+    }
+  },
+  zh: {
+    common: {
+      upload: '上传',
+      history: '历史记录',
+      login: '登录 / 注册',
+      logout: '退出登录',
+      loading: '加载中...',
+      processing: '处理中...',
+      cancel: '取消',
+      copy: '复制',
+      copied: '已复制！',
+      download: '下载',
+      export: '导出',
+      preview: '预览',
+      email: '邮箱',
+      contactUs: '联系我们',
+      reward: '赞赏',
+      qqGroup: 'QQ 群 (点击复制)',
+      guide: '使用引导',
+      click: '点击',
+      drop: '拖拽',
+      paste: '粘贴',
+    },
+    navbar: {
+      rewardTitle: '微信赞赏码',
+      rewardThanks: '感谢您的支持与鼓励 ❤️',
+      rewardSubtitle: '您的支持是我们持续更新的动力',
+    },
+    sidebar: {
+      title: '文档识别',
+      subtitle: '支持手写和印刷体文档识别',
+      uploadInstruction: '点击、拖拽或粘贴文件开始解析',
+      pleaseLogin: '请登录后查看历史记录',
+      noHistory: '暂无历史记录',
+      noMore: '没有更多记录了',
+      historyHeader: '历史记录',
+    },
+    uploadModal: {
+      title: '上传文件',
+      supportFormats: '支持 JPG, PNG 格式',
+    },
+    resultPanel: {
+      waitingTitle: '等待识别结果',
+      waitingSubtitle: '上传文件后，TexPixel 将自动识别并在此显示结果',
+      analyzing: '解析中...',
+      waitingQueue: '排队中...',
+      queueSubtitle: '您的文件正在排队，请稍候。',
+      processingSubtitle: 'TexPixel 正在处理您的文件，请稍候。',
+      markdown: 'Markdown',
+    },
+    auth: {
+      signIn: '登录',
+      signUp: '注册',
+      signInTitle: '登录账号',
+      signUpTitle: '注册账号',
+      email: '邮箱',
+      password: '密码',
+      error: '错误',
+      genericError: '发生错误，请重试',
+      hasAccount: '已有账号？去登录',
+      noAccount: '没有账号？去注册',
+    },
+    export: {
+      title: '导出',
+      categories: {
+        code: '代码',
+        image: '图片',
+        file: '文件',
+      },
+      failed: '导出失败，请重试',
+      imageFailed: '生成图片失败',
+      noContent: '混合文字内容不支持 LaTeX/MathML 导出，请下载 DOCX 文件。',
+      noContentShort: '混合内容不支持',
+    },
+    guide: {
+      next: '下一步',
+      prev: '上一步',
+      finish: '完成',
+      skip: '跳过',
+      step1Title: '上传区域',
+      step1Content: '点击此处或将公式/文档图片 粘贴或者拖拽到这里开始识别。',
+      step2Title: '历史记录',
+      step2Content: '识别过的文件会显示在这里。登录后可以跨设备同步。',
+      step3Title: '预览区域',
+      step3Content: '这里会显示您上传的原始文件，方便对比。',
+      step4Title: '识别结果',
+      step4Content: '这里会显示识别出的 Markdown/LaTeX 结果。',
+      stepExportTitle: '导出结果',
+      stepExportContent: '您可以将识别结果导出为多种格式，如 Markdown、LaTeX、Word 或图片。',
+    },
+    alerts: {
+      taskTimeout: '任务超时：识别时间过长。',
+      networkError: '任务超时或网络错误。',
+      uploadFailed: '上传失败',
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+export type Language = 'en' | 'zh';
+export type TranslationKey = typeof translations.en;

src/main.tsx

@@ -3,11 +3,39 @@ import { createRoot } from 'react-dom/client';
 import App from './App.tsx';
 import './index.css';
 import { AuthProvider } from './contexts/AuthContext';
+import { LanguageProvider } from './contexts/LanguageContext';
 
-createRoot(document.getElementById('root')!).render(
+// 错误处理：捕获未处理的错误
-  <StrictMode>
+window.addEventListener('error', (event) => {
-    <AuthProvider>
+  console.error('Global error:', event.error);
-      <App />
+});
-    </AuthProvider>
+
-  </StrictMode>
+window.addEventListener('unhandledrejection', (event) => {
-);
+  console.error('Unhandled promise rejection:', event.reason);
+});
+
+const rootElement = document.getElementById('root');
+if (!rootElement) {
+  throw new Error('Root element not found');
+}
+
+try {
+  createRoot(rootElement).render(
+    <StrictMode>
+      <AuthProvider>
+        <LanguageProvider>
+          <App />
+        </LanguageProvider>
+      </AuthProvider>
+    </StrictMode>
+  );
+} catch (error) {
+  console.error('Failed to render app:', error);
+  rootElement.innerHTML = `
+    <div style="padding: 20px; font-family: sans-serif;">
+      <h1>应用启动失败</h1>
+      <p>错误信息: ${error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error)}</p>
+      <p>请检查浏览器控制台获取更多信息。</p>
+    </div>
+  `;
+}

src/types/api.ts

@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ export interface RecognitionResultData {
   latex: string;
   markdown: string;
   mathml: string;
-  mathml_mw: string; // MathML for Word
+  mml: string; // MathML with mml: prefix
   image_blob: string; // Base64 or URL? assuming string content
   docx_url: string;
   pdf_url: string;
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ export interface TaskHistoryItem {
   latex: string;
   markdown: string;
   mathml: string;
-  mathml_mw: string;
+  mml: string;
   image_blob: string;
   docx_url: string;
   pdf_url: string;

src/types/index.ts

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ export interface RecognitionResult {
   markdown_content: string | null;
   latex_content: string | null;
   mathml_content: string | null;
-  mathml_word_content: string | null;
+  mml: string | null;
   rendered_image_path: string | null;
   created_at: string;
 }
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ export type ExportFormat =
   | 'markdown'
   | 'latex'
   | 'mathml'
-  | 'mathml-word'
   | 'image'
   | 'docx'
   | 'pdf'

vite.config.ts

@@ -8,8 +8,13 @@ export default defineConfig({
     exclude: ['lucide-react'],
   },
   build: {
+    // 确保生成带哈希的文件名（默认已启用）
     rollupOptions: {
       output: {
+        // 确保文件名包含哈希，便于缓存管理
+        entryFileNames: 'assets/[name]-[hash].js',
+        chunkFileNames: 'assets/[name]-[hash].js',
+        assetFileNames: 'assets/[name]-[hash].[ext]',
         manualChunks: {
           // React 核心
           'vendor-react': ['react', 'react-dom'],